Dear CChavez, here's the doc's link. Enjoy reading!
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1IckKVLe6rm_UrLb-qHToxqbJBE5rtU3mDegC6seLtDk/edit
Tuesday 26 June 2012
Friday 22 June 2012
Bias Analyisis
BBC World News
Male tea drinkers may be at great risk of prostate cancer
Shots and Framing
Midshot is the main shot used throughout the report, in order to contextualize it from a very first beginning. Then, the report is introduced by mentioning its core topic: keep on driniking tea while knowing it may increase the risk of prostate cancer. Midshot is presented by first time when Chris Garner is shot while preparing some tea, whose consume is inmediatly questioned by the reporter based on a study carried out by the University of Glasgow. Reporter's appereance during the news item is frequent and she is constantly midshot as she interviews Garner while enjoying the discredited drink. Chris is midshot when being interviewed as he states his perspective of the matter as a frequent male tea drinker. He grounds the story as he is at great risk of prostate cancer but he chooses personally what to believe about his diet customes, not being influenced by the study. Dr. Kashif Shafique, one of the study's author, is midshot while the interview is carried out. Shafique is crucial for contextualizing the investigation, as he's an expert on the matter. He sums up the core points of the study, while using his main arguments to back up his conclusions. Long shot is another shot used though momentarily. Chris is longshot while gardening in order to show him vulnerable against the great risk of prostate cancer he is exposed to. Extreme Close Up is presented once, as the reporter stirs her tea while her hand is shot. This shoot is used to present drinking tea as an action voluntarily carried out, though it can produce a severe disease.
Camera Angles
By using Eye Level, the great risk of prostate cancer is understood as a problem inherent to every single male tea drinker, which is illustrated as the shoot taken from a normal height. Cancer is related by the audience automatically to drinking tea.
Camera Movements
At first Pan is used as Garner prepares a cup of tea, in order not to lose any of his actions. This produces the effect of a process whose importance remains hidden, so it can be explained throughout the report, stablishing why it is important.
Lighting
High Key is used as the events are reported mainly outdoors. Everything is easily ditinguished, with the purpose of fathoming the real effects tea may produce.
Editing Techniques
When Garner gardens it is used Wipe to switch from the shot of a rose into Garner himself. By using this technique, the audience focuses on the protagonist once again, though it was slightly distracted by the different shoots of his garden, which is not related at all which the story being reported. Despite of the momentary use of wiping, Cut is the main etchnique used, so then the different testimonies that back up the story are sharply distinguished. There is not council between both sides of the story: Garner will keep on drinking tea whatever the arguments used to discard this practice.
Sound
Completely diegetic. There are no sounds but which are heard by the characters involved. This is to report the events veridically.
Bias
In BBC World News, Personalization seems to be the most common informational bias technique used. The report is people-centered, as it relies heavily upon the interview with an actual male tea drinker, Chris Garner, and upon Kashif Shafique's opinions, whose is an expert on the matter. This technique is used for creating an approach between the interviewee and the audience that feels touched by the report, as they might drink tea too. Another bias technique used, is Dramatization, as the report leads the audience to focus on the overwhelming aspects exposed on the report, which are mainly statistics that show how damaging drinking tea can be. Tea is drunk world wide, then this study, which backs up on solid, empirical information, perplexes the audience. It is clearly identified the biginning of the story that is pictioralized while Garner prepares a cup of tea, introducing the topic to be discussed; the middle, suported by both sides: a male tea drinker who is not like stop drinking tea and an expert opinion on the matter; and an ending, which does not conclude much, as the reporter states that the study needs further research, so tea drinkers may "still enjoy a cup".
Camera Angles
By using Eye Level, the great risk of prostate cancer is understood as a problem inherent to every single male tea drinker, which is illustrated as the shoot taken from a normal height. Cancer is related by the audience automatically to drinking tea.
Camera Movements
At first Pan is used as Garner prepares a cup of tea, in order not to lose any of his actions. This produces the effect of a process whose importance remains hidden, so it can be explained throughout the report, stablishing why it is important.
Lighting
High Key is used as the events are reported mainly outdoors. Everything is easily ditinguished, with the purpose of fathoming the real effects tea may produce.
Editing Techniques
When Garner gardens it is used Wipe to switch from the shot of a rose into Garner himself. By using this technique, the audience focuses on the protagonist once again, though it was slightly distracted by the different shoots of his garden, which is not related at all which the story being reported. Despite of the momentary use of wiping, Cut is the main etchnique used, so then the different testimonies that back up the story are sharply distinguished. There is not council between both sides of the story: Garner will keep on drinking tea whatever the arguments used to discard this practice.
Sound
Completely diegetic. There are no sounds but which are heard by the characters involved. This is to report the events veridically.
Bias
In BBC World News, Personalization seems to be the most common informational bias technique used. The report is people-centered, as it relies heavily upon the interview with an actual male tea drinker, Chris Garner, and upon Kashif Shafique's opinions, whose is an expert on the matter. This technique is used for creating an approach between the interviewee and the audience that feels touched by the report, as they might drink tea too. Another bias technique used, is Dramatization, as the report leads the audience to focus on the overwhelming aspects exposed on the report, which are mainly statistics that show how damaging drinking tea can be. Tea is drunk world wide, then this study, which backs up on solid, empirical information, perplexes the audience. It is clearly identified the biginning of the story that is pictioralized while Garner prepares a cup of tea, introducing the topic to be discussed; the middle, suported by both sides: a male tea drinker who is not like stop drinking tea and an expert opinion on the matter; and an ending, which does not conclude much, as the reporter states that the study needs further research, so tea drinkers may "still enjoy a cup".
Bias Analysis
BBC World at 6
Wildfires in Greece
Wildfires in Greece
Establishing and Framing
Establishing shots are used to set where the wildfires happened, as locations and open spaces damaged are shown. By showing different settings, how the fire progresses is evidenced, which establishes transitions from the least to the most damaged locations. Long shot is used when shooting a Greek woman trapped in her house. This shot is uses to illustrate how vulnerable and exposed to fire she is. Besides, as she is shot behind her house's fence, her vulnerability increases, because there is an additional physical obstacle that avoids her from being set free. Long shot is used too when people is shot using whatever comes to hand to help without achieving much. Nuns are full-bodied shot fighting fire with branches. Mid shot is also used throughout the report for considering the events into their context. That is why when witnesses declare how personally affected they were by the fires, mid shot is used. Testimonies as well as personal experiences add credibility to the report. Bill Smith is one of the citizens affected by the wildfires, then his testimony is a key point for understanding how this difficult situation was dealt with. Audience can embody this situation throughout Smith's account. Moving on the report, Nikolas Mikatos, a fire preventer expert, is interviewed and mid shot, as his testimony is crucial for understanding what caused the wildfires and for preventing future ones. Extreme Close Up is detected as Rebecca Penapolis' arm is shot while she points the wildfire consequences out. This shot becomes a Close Up shot as Rebecca's face is shot while expressing concern and distress. This shot covers more than 80% of the frame.
Camera Angles
Eye level is used because the report is mainly based on peoples testimonies', so there is a feeling of sympathy aimed towards the audience for the wildfires victims' experience. In any community like Athens, wildfires are a natural possibility, so then, as the most natural angle, the audience fully comprehends how the population involved in their consequences should feel.
Camera Movements
The camera moves along with the actions reported throughout the piece of news. It's presented Pan in a very first beginning when the bomber water aircraft flies over the locations damaged. By using this technique, the long distances the aircraft has to cover are illustrated, while it fights the flames. The camera pans as Bill and Rebecca show the reporter the damages produced by fire while moving across their back garden, for showing how close to their house the events took place. Zoom is used as the reporter interviwes the citizens, for the audience to feel more attached to their reality. However zoom is oppositely used when the reporter interviews the fire preventer expert, who critizices Government for not taking proper measures against wildfires, in order to isolate him.
Lighting
Lighting is presented mainly throughout the whole report by High Key, due to all the events being reported outdoors, though some of the interviewees are front lighted for the audience to feel sorry about them. High Key maintains the events as natural and, then, veridical as possible, while Front Lighting victimizes witnesses.
Editing Techniques
Cut is the most common technique used in the news item, especially when showing the effects produced by the wildfires in the different locations and spaces affected. Shot-Reverse-Shot appears only in the interview with Bill Smith, one of wildfires victimes.
Sound
The sound used is diegetic, there is no background music nor special effects that cannot be listened by the protagonists of the story. This is in order ro inform facts truthfully, just reporting what really happened. There is no intention of moving the audience with any external resource but what ocurred to the greek citizens due to the fires. There aren't feelings transmitted towards the audience.
Bias
In BBC at 6, Personalization is the most common news informational bias presented. Personalization focuses on individuals rather than institutions, which is evidenced on the heavy rely on in the interview to Bill Smith, the eye-witness testimony of the woman trapped in her house, and the fire preventer expert, Nikolas Mikatos, opinions. All these elements are presented in order to make stories feel more personal, closer to the viewers. Audience feels directly and inmidiatly addressed, due to the use of pathos that appeal to their emotions, exhorting it to be empathetic. Even though this Personalization is often used for transmitting political perspectives, this report is excent of this kind of manipulation.
Another technique used by the broadcast is Fragmentation, which tends to isolate the story, circumscribing it to an especific area and not connecting it to a larger national context. The community affected by the wildfires is fighting against them by its own, not recieving help by any govenmental institution, which is evidenced on the scenes in which settlers use whatever comes in hand in order to extinguish the flames. What is achieved by using this technique is presenting Greece as chaotic, which is more than comprehensible taking on account the economical crisis the state is going through.
Camera Angles
Eye level is used because the report is mainly based on peoples testimonies', so there is a feeling of sympathy aimed towards the audience for the wildfires victims' experience. In any community like Athens, wildfires are a natural possibility, so then, as the most natural angle, the audience fully comprehends how the population involved in their consequences should feel.
Camera Movements
The camera moves along with the actions reported throughout the piece of news. It's presented Pan in a very first beginning when the bomber water aircraft flies over the locations damaged. By using this technique, the long distances the aircraft has to cover are illustrated, while it fights the flames. The camera pans as Bill and Rebecca show the reporter the damages produced by fire while moving across their back garden, for showing how close to their house the events took place. Zoom is used as the reporter interviwes the citizens, for the audience to feel more attached to their reality. However zoom is oppositely used when the reporter interviews the fire preventer expert, who critizices Government for not taking proper measures against wildfires, in order to isolate him.
Lighting
Lighting is presented mainly throughout the whole report by High Key, due to all the events being reported outdoors, though some of the interviewees are front lighted for the audience to feel sorry about them. High Key maintains the events as natural and, then, veridical as possible, while Front Lighting victimizes witnesses.
Editing Techniques
Cut is the most common technique used in the news item, especially when showing the effects produced by the wildfires in the different locations and spaces affected. Shot-Reverse-Shot appears only in the interview with Bill Smith, one of wildfires victimes.
Sound
The sound used is diegetic, there is no background music nor special effects that cannot be listened by the protagonists of the story. This is in order ro inform facts truthfully, just reporting what really happened. There is no intention of moving the audience with any external resource but what ocurred to the greek citizens due to the fires. There aren't feelings transmitted towards the audience.
Bias
In BBC at 6, Personalization is the most common news informational bias presented. Personalization focuses on individuals rather than institutions, which is evidenced on the heavy rely on in the interview to Bill Smith, the eye-witness testimony of the woman trapped in her house, and the fire preventer expert, Nikolas Mikatos, opinions. All these elements are presented in order to make stories feel more personal, closer to the viewers. Audience feels directly and inmidiatly addressed, due to the use of pathos that appeal to their emotions, exhorting it to be empathetic. Even though this Personalization is often used for transmitting political perspectives, this report is excent of this kind of manipulation.
Another technique used by the broadcast is Fragmentation, which tends to isolate the story, circumscribing it to an especific area and not connecting it to a larger national context. The community affected by the wildfires is fighting against them by its own, not recieving help by any govenmental institution, which is evidenced on the scenes in which settlers use whatever comes in hand in order to extinguish the flames. What is achieved by using this technique is presenting Greece as chaotic, which is more than comprehensible taking on account the economical crisis the state is going through.
Thursday 21 June 2012
Introduction and Conclussion
Introduction
Although unaware, the audience's attention is not just captured by what is explicitly reported in the media, but by the techniques used in the transmission of the report. Therefore, the lighting and editing techniques contribute to the addition of an extra resource to capture the attention of the audience, without being completely aware of it. For example, when shooting a person from above, this is instantaneously downgraded in a tacit hierarchy; or when increasing the lighting person's face, it instantly acquires a kind appearance. However, these techniques are due to a higher end, which is trasminitig the broadcaster's opinion about what is being presented, not including its vision about in an explicit way. By personalizing the events described, the audience feels directly appealed as it receives concrete evidence, based on real cases, of which is being reported. In this analysis, we will compare the techniques used by a 24/7 news broadcast and one that broadcasts news once a day, to emphasize their opinion on the matter that is reported. For purposes of this analysis we will serve on BBC World News (24/7) and BBC News at 6 (brodcasting once a day).
Conclusion
To conclude, there are aspects that crearly differentiate BBC World News (a 24/7 newscast) and BBC News at 6 (a once-a-day newscast). For instance, BBC News at 6 crearly relies on techniques that help to personalize the report being transmitted. Multiple shots, especially Long Shot, help to isolate the protagonists that back the story up by contributing with their testimonies about the matter. Camera movements follow the action throughout the whole report so then witnesses' testimonies are fully supported. Besides personalization, fragmentation is identified, which add chaos to the events reported. Cutting is the only editing technique used.
On the other hand, BBC World News, though using personalization, relies on dramatization mainly. This adds structure and organization to the report, which is sharply divided into its beginning, middle and ending. There are not many different shots nor camera movements, as the main goal followed is presenting events veridically. The presenter's role is crucial as it leads witnesses' relates so they fit in the structure mentioned. Editing techniques are vague but exist.
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